Different studies reported the presence of oxidized (carbonylated) albumin in the extravascular pool, but not in the\r\nintravascular one of cigarette smokers. In this study we attempted to explain this apparent discrepancy exposing human\r\nserum albumin (HSA) to aqueous cigarette smoke extract (CSE). CSE induces HSA carbonylation and oxidation of the HSA\r\nCys34 sulfhydryl group. An antioxidant action of glutathione, cysteine, and its synthetic derivative N-acetylcysteine was\r\nobserved only at supra-physiological concentrations, suggesting that physiological (plasma) concentrations of glutathione\r\nand cysteine in the low micromolar range are ineffective in preventing cigarette smokeââ?¬â??induced oxidation of HSA.\r\nDifferently, human erythrocytes resulted to be protective towards CSE-induced oxidation (carbonylation and thiol oxidation)\r\nof both HSA and total human plasma proteins.
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